Sportive education at Rome. Campus and religious practices

Abstract

A physical training was supposed to complete the intellectual training of the elite youth in Rome. This sports education (mostly arms drill, riding and swimming) took place on the Campus Martius in Rome and in the campus for the Italian cities and the cities of the occidental provinces. The campus was also the training field of the soldiers. They worshipped particular deities, who protected the military campus but were not present on the civil campus.