Artificial intelligence and Human Rights of women and girls

biases, challenges and opportunities viewed from International Law

Abstract

The article critically examines the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on the human rights of women and girls in a global scenario marked by setbacks in gender equality. It analyses how AI systems reproduce and amplify gender biases and risks through data, algorithms, and hardware, generating digital discrimination and disproportionate impacts on multiple rights. It also identifies the main regulatory challenges and reviews international and regional responses. It further explores opportunities for an AI that promotes substantive equality under international human rights frameworks, and the urgency of integrating a gendered perspective, transparency, accountability, and the “women in the loop” principle throughout the AI life cycle.