Percepción afectiva de la corrupción
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2026.10388Palabras clave:
Percepción de la corrupción, polarización afectiva, populismo, carisma, politización de la corrupción, identidadesResumen
En esta revisión se propone el concepto percepción afectiva de la corrupción (PAC) para poder analizar cómo las emociones suscitadas por los líderes políticos pueden distorsionar la evaluación de actos corruptos en contextos de creciente populismo. Integrando teoría y hallazgos empíricos sobre las percepciones de la corrupción, su politización, los liderazgos carismáticos y populistas, y la polarización afectiva se argumenta que la PAC opera bajo un doble estándar: mientras exacerba la percepción de la corrupción de adversarios políticos, atenúa su percepción de líderes con los que los individuos simpatizan. Este fenómeno con un marcado carácter emocional es catalizado por líderes populistas, quienes instrumentalizan discursos anti-élite y erosionan mecanismos de rendición de cuentas. La revisión de la literatura demuestra que la PAC no es ningún error cognitivo, sino un mecanismo estructurado en el que las lealtades políticas y emocionales pueden anular los juicios éticos de los ciudadanos. Así, el concepto nos permite profundizar en por qué los escándalos de corrupción no siempre reciben un castigo electoral. La puesta en común de toda la literatura y la conceptualización de la PAC aporta una nueva dimensión para comprender la fragilidad democrática ante la instrumentalización afectiva de la corrupción.
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