Rehabilitación de personas con trastorno mental grave

Una revisión sistemática sobre el uso de tecnologías de la información

  • Luis Valero Aguayo Departamento Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, España
  • Angel Ureña García Departamento Personalidad, Evaluación y Tratamiento Psicológico, Facultad de Psicología y Logopedia, Universidad de Málaga, España
Palabras clave: trastorno mental grave, nuevas tecnologías, remediación cognitiva, revisión sistemática

Resumen

Introducción: Los trastornos mentales graves (TMG) constituyen un problema de salud creciente, por el aumento de la morbilidad y mortalidad asociados a ella. El tratamiento de personas con TMG incluye la posibilidad de utilizar nuevas tecnologías que ayuden en el proceso de recuperación personal. Objetivo: Revisar y resumir los distintos tipos de intervenciones que se aplican en personas con TMG y delimitar su eficacia y calidad. Método: Se llevó a cabo una revisión sistemática en las bases de datos: Science Direct, Scopus, PsycLit, OT Seeker, Proquest, Dialnet y Scholar Google, y se evaluó la calidad de los estudios mediante la Downs and Black Checklist. En la revisión final se incluyeron 28 estudios. Resultados: La mayoría se ha realizado sobre personas con esquizofrenia y otros trastornos psicóticos, con tamaño del efecto medio. Esos estudios han utilizado terapia asistida por ordenador, dispositivos móviles, videojuegos y realidad virtual. La terapia de remediación cognitiva es la que más utiliza tecnología, con una mejoría significativa en conductas cognitivas. Conclusión: Estas tecnologías tienen potencial para mejorar los programas para personas con TMG. Sin embargo, se requiere de más y mejor investigación con mayor calidad metodológica, para valorar de forma fiable su implementación y eficacia.

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Publicado
2023-11-23
Cómo citar
Valero Aguayo, L., & Ureña García, A. (2023). Rehabilitación de personas con trastorno mental grave: Una revisión sistemática sobre el uso de tecnologías de la información. Revista Española De Comunicación En Salud, 14(2), 55-73. https://doi.org/10.20318/recs.2023.7326
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