Acceso, uso y actitudes de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en personas mayores durante la pandemia de COVID-19

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.20318/recs.2023.7375

Palabras clave:

uso y percepción de Internet, smartphone, personas mayores, vulnerabilidad, métodos mixtos

Resumen

Introducción: La pandemia de COVID-19 resaltó la brecha digital entre las Personas Mayores (PM). Sus necesidades cotidianas y las limitaciones de movilidad los obligaron a conectarse en línea. Esto desafió a las PM con acceso limitado a las Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación (TIC) y escasas habilidades digitales. Objetivos: Este trabajo explora factores asociados al uso y percepción de TIC entre las PM en tiempos de COVID-19. Metodología: Realizamos una encuesta a personas mayores vulnerables en Santiago, Chile (N=251) y seguimos con entrevistas en profundidad a 20 participantes. Resultados: Los hallazgos sugieren que el uso frecuente de Smartphones entre las personas mayores está positivamente correlacionado con su percepción de comodidad, utilidad, control sobre el dispositivo y disposición para usarlo. Los usuarios activos muestran niveles de confianza más altos y participan en una gama más amplia de actividades en línea, mientras que los usuarios moderados se sienten menos inclinados a cerrar la brecha digital, experimentando una sensación de exclusión. Conclusión: El estudio destaca la importancia del control percibido en la configuración de los patrones de uso de Smartphones entre las personas mayores, resaltando la interacción entre las actitudes y la adopción de tecnología. A pesar de sus limitaciones, esta investigación proporciona información valiosa sobre las perspectivas de los no usuarios y los usuarios por proxy, y las barreras al acceso a Internet durante situaciones de crisis.

Descargas

Los datos de descarga aún no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

  • Isabel Pavez, Facultad de Comunicación, Universidad de los Andes, Chile, ,

    Isabel Pavez is an Associate Professor at the School of Communication at Universidad de Los Andes in Chile. She is a Ph.D. in Media and Communications from London School of Economics and Political Science and MSc in Anthropology from Universidad de Chile. She has participated in numerous research projects regarding digital inclusion in vulnerable populations. Currently she is a principal researcher of the Center for the Study of Media, Public Opinion and Politics in Chile, and at the Millennium Nucleu to Improve the Mental Health of Adolescents and Youths, Imhay. Besides her academic work, she has also served as a consultant for international organizations such as the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean and Unesco.

Referencias

Álvarez-Dardet, S. M., Lara, B. L., & Pérez-Padilla, J. (2020). Older adults and ICT adoption: Analysis of the use and attitudes toward computers in elderly Spanish people. Computers in Human Behavior, 110, 106377. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106377

Barrantes Cáceres, R., & Cozzubo Chaparro, A. (2017). Age for learning, age for teaching: the role of inter-generational, intra-household learning in Internet use by older adults in Latin America. Information, Communication & Society, 1–17. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2017.1371785

Beaunoyer, E., Dupéré, S., & Guitton, M. J. (2020). COVID-19 and digital inequalities: Reciprocal impacts and mitigation strategies. Computers in human behavior, 111. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2020.106424

Berger, A. A. (2018). Media and communication research methods: An introduction to qualitative and quantitative approaches. California: Sage Publications.

Blank, G. & Groselj, D. (2014) Dimensions of Internet use: amount, variety, and types, Information, Communication & Society, 17(4) 417-435, DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2014.889189

Braun, M. T. (2013). Obstacles to social networking website use among older adults. Computers in human behavior, 29(3), 673-680. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2012.12.004

Callahan, C. M., Unverzagt, F. W., Hui, S. L., Perkins, A. J., & Hendrie, H. C. (2002). Six-item screener to identify cognitive impairment among potential subjects for clinical research. Medical care, 771-781. http://www.jstor. org/stable/3768143

Charness, N., & Boot, W. R. (2009). Aging and information technology use: Potential and barriers. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 18(5), 253-258. DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8721.2009.01647.x

Chou, M. C., & Liu, C. H. (2016). Mobile instant messengers and middle-aged and elderly adults in Taiwan: Uses and gratifications. International Journal of Human–Computer Interaction, 32(11), 835-846. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2016.1201892

Ellison, N. B., Steinfield, C., & Lampe, C. (2011). Connection strategies: Social capital implications of Facebook-enabled communication practices. New Media & Society, 13(6), 873-892. DOI: 10.1177/1461444810385389

Esterberg, K. (2002). Qualitative methods in social research. Boston: McGraw-Hill. Diehl, C., Tavares, R., Abreu, T., Almeida, A. M. P., Silva, T. E., Santinha, G., ... & Ribeiro, O. (2022). Perceptions on extending the use of technology after the COVID-19 pandemic resolves: A Qualitative study with older adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(21), 14152. DOI: 10.3390/ ijerph192114152.

Fernández-Ballesteros R. (2008). Active Aging. Contributions from psychology Toronto: Hogrefe & Huber Publisher. Flick, U. (2022). An introduction to qualitative research. Sage.

Gorenko, J.A., Moran, C., Flynn, M., Dobson, K. & Konnert, C. (2021). Social Isolation and Psychological Distress Among Older Adults Related to COVID-19: A Narrative Review of Remotely-Delivered Interventions and Recommendations. J Appl Gerontol, 40(1):3-13. DOI: 10.1177/0733464820958550.

Hargittai, E., Piper, A. M., & Morris, M. R. (2019). From internet access to internet skills: digital inequality among older adults. Universal Access in the Information Society, 18(4), 881-890. DOI: 10.1007/s10209-018-0617-5

Harley, D., & Fitzpatrick, G. (2009). YouTube and intergenerational communication: the case of Geriatric1927. Universal access in the information society, 8(1), 5-20. DOI: 10.1007/s10209-008-0127-y

Haase, K. R., Cosco, T., Kervin, L., Riadi, I., & O’Connell, M. E. (2021). Older adults’ experiences with using technology for socialization during the COVID-19 pandemic: Cross-sectional survey study. JMIR aging, 4(2), e28010. DOI: 10.2196/28010

Hajek, A. & König, H-H. (2021). Frequency of contact with friends and relatives via internet and psychosocial factors in middle-aged and older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings from the German Ageing Survey. Int J Geriatr Psychiatry. 2021; 1–10. DOI: 10.1002/gps.5623

He, T., Huang, C., Li, M., Zhou, Y., & Li, S. (2020). Social participation of the elderly in China: The roles of conventional media, digital access and social media engagement. Telematics and Informatics, 48, 101347. DOI: 10.1016/j. tele.2020.101347

Heinz, M., Martin, P., Margrett, J. A., Yearns, M., Franke, W., Yang, H. I., ... & Chang, C. K. (2013). Perceptions of technology among older adults. Journal of gerontological nursing, 39(1), 42-51. DOI: 10.3928/00989134- 20121204-04

Hernández Falcón,J., Jiménez Mendoza, A. y Pérez Cabrera, I. (2022). Trascendencia de la comunicación en la calidad de vida del adulto mayor en el distanciamiento social por COVID-19. Revista de Comunicación y Salud, 12,45-58. DOI: 10.35669/rcys.2022.12. e288

Hill, R., Betts, L. R., & Gardner, S. E. (2015). Older adults’ experiences and perceptions of digital technology:(Dis) empowerment, wellbeing, and inclusion. Computers in Human Behavior, 48, 415-423. DOI: 10.1016/j. chb.2015.01.062

Hunsaker, A., & Hargittai, E. (2018). A review of Internet use among older adults. New Media & Society, 20(10), 3937–3954. DOI: 10.1177/1461444818787348

INE (2018). Adultos mayores presentan mayor dependencia y participación en el mercado laboral informal. https://www.ine.cl/prensa/2020/04/15/adultos-mayores-en-chile-cuántos-hay-dónde-viven-y-en-qué-trabajan

INE (2020). Adultos mayores en Chile: ¿Cuántos hay? ¿Dónde viven? ¿Y en qué trabajan? https://www.ine.cl/prensa/2020/04/15/adultos-mayores-en-chile-cuántos-hay-dónde-viven-y-en-qué-trabajan

Jung, E. H., Walden, J., Johnson, A. C., & Sundar, S. S. (2017). Social networking in the aging context: Why older adults use or avoid Facebook. Telematics and Informatics, 34(7), 1071-1080. DOI: 10.1016/j.tele.2017.04.015

Katz, E., Blumler, J. G., & Gurevitch, M. (1974). The uses and gratifications approach to mass communication. Beverly Hills, California: Sage Publications.

Kim, M. J., Lee, C. K., & Contractor, N. S. (2019). Seniors’ usage of mobile social network sites: Applying theories of innovation diffusion and uses and gratifications. Computers in Human Behavior, 90, 60-73. DOI: 10.1016/j. chb.2018.08.046

Kvale, S., & Brinkmann, S. (2009). Interviews: Learning the craft of qualitative research interviewing. Sage. Lee, B., Chen, Y., & Hewitt, L. (2011). Age differences in constraints encountered by seniors in their use of computers and the internet. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(3), 1231-1237. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2011.01.003

Leist, A. K. (2013). Social media use of older adults: a mini-review. Gerontology, 59(4), 378-384. https://doi. org/10.1159/000346818

Llorente-Barroso, C., Sánchez-Valle, M. & Viñarás-Abad, M. (2023). The role of the Internet in later life autonomy: Silver surfers in Spain. Humanit Soc Sci Commun 10, (56). DOI: 10.1057/s41599-023-01536-x

Moreno T. & Fuentes, M. (2016). Mobile communication and elderly people: Exclusion and differential use of mobile devices. Perspectivas de la Comunicación, 9(2), 7-29.

Napoli, P. M., & Obar, J. A. (2014). The emerging mobile Internet underclass: A critique of mobile Internet access. The Information Society, 30(5), 323-334. DOI: 10.1080/01972243.2014.944726

Nimrod, G. (2020). Changes in internet use when coping with stress: older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. The American journal of geriatric psychiatry, 28(10), 1020-1024. DOI: 10.1016/j.jagp.2020.07.010

Onwuegbuzie, A. J., & Collins, K. M. (2007). A typology of mixed methods sampling designs in social science research. Qualitative Report, 12(2), 281-316. DOI: 10.46743/2160-3715/2007.1638

Pavez, I., & Correa, T. (2020). “I Don’t Use the Internet”: Exploring Perceptions and Practices Among Mobile-Only and Hybrid Internet Users. International Journal of Communication, 14, 2208-2226.

Pearce, K. E., & Rice, R. E. (2013). Digital divides from access to activities: Comparing mobile and personal computer Internet users. Journal of Communication, 63(4), 721-744. DOI: 10.1111/jcom.12045

Peek, S. T., Luijkx, K. G., Rijnaard, M. D., Nieboer, M. E., van der Voort, C. S., Aarts, S., ... & Wouters, E. J. (2016). Older adults’ reasons for using technology while aging in place. Gerontology, 62(2), 226-237. DOI: 10.1159/000430949

Pochintesta, P. & Múseres, N. (2022). About the Uses, Perceptions, and Appraisals of ICTs among Older People. A Case Study in Northwest Greater Buenos Aires, Argentina. Research on Ageing and Social Policy, 10(2), 159- 183. DOI: 10.4471/rasp.9652

Pywell J., Vijaykumar, S., Dodd, A., & Coventry, L. (2020). Barriers to older adults’ uptake of mobile-based mental health interventions. Digital Health, 6. DOI: 10.1177/2055207620905422

Quan-Haase, A., Martin, K., & Schreurs, K. (2016). Interviews with digital seniors: ICT use in the context of everyday life. Information, Communication & Society, 19(5), 691-707. DOI: 10.1080/1369118X.2016.1140217

Quan-Haase, A., Williams, C., Kicevski, M., Elueze, I., & Wellman, B. (2018). Dividing the Grey Divide: Deconstructing Myths About Older Adults’ Online Activities, Skills, and Attitudes. American Behavioral Scientist, 62(9), 1207– 1228. DOI: 10.1177/0002764218777572

Rainie, L. (2015). Digital Divides 2015. Pew Research Center: Internet. Science & Tech. Rodríguez, I., Cajamarca, G., Herskovic, V., Fuentes, C., & Campos, M. (2017). Helping elderly users report pain levels: A study of user experience with mobile and wearable interfaces. Mobile Information Systems, 2017. DOI: 10.1155/2017/9302328

Ruggiero, T. E. (2000). Uses and gratifications theory in the 21st century. Mass communication & society, 3(1), 3-37. DOI: 10.1207/S15327825MCS0301_02

Sampieri, R. H. (2018). Metodología de la investigación: las rutas cuantitativa, cualitativa y mixta. McGraw Hill México.

Selwyn, N. (1997). Students’ attitudes toward computers: Validation of a computer attitude scale for 16–19 education. Computers & Education, 28(1), 35-41. DOI: 10.1016/S0360-1315(96)00035-8

Selwyn, N., Gorard, S., & Furlong, J. (2005). Whose Internet is it anyway? Exploring adults’(non) use of the Internet in everyday life. European journal of communication, 20(1), 5-26. DOI: 10.1177/0267323105049631

Siefert, A. (2020). The Digital Exclusion of Older Adults during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 63(6-7), 674-676. DOI: 10.1080/01634372.2020.1764687

Seifert, A., Cotten, S. R., & Xie, B. (2021). A double burden of exclusion? Digital and social exclusion of older adults in times of COVID-19. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(3), e99-e103. DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbaa098

Silverstone, R. (Ed.). (2005). Media, technology and everyday life in Europe: from information to communication. Aldershot, England: Ashgate.

Subedi, D. (2016). Explanatory sequential mixed method design as the third research community of knowledge claim. American Journal of Educational Research, 4(7), 570-577.

Subtel. (2017). Novena encuesta accesos y usos de Internet. https://www.subtel.gob.cl/wpcontent/uploads/2018/07/Informe_Final_IX_Encuesta_Acceso_y_Usos_Internet_2017.pdf

Sunkel, G., & Ullmann, H. (2019). Las personas mayores de América Latina en la era digital: superación de la brecha digital. Revista CEPAL, 127. https://hdl.handle.net/11362/44580

Tsatsou, P. (2021). Aging: The Two Faces of Janus in Digital Inclusion? International Journal of Communication, 15, 21.

Villalobos, P. (2017). Envejecimiento y cuidados a largo plazo en Chile: desafíos en el contexto de la OCDE. Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública, 41, 86. DOI: 10.26633/RPSP.2017.86

Villar, F. (2003). Personas mayores y ordenadores: valoración de una experiencia de formación. Revista española de geriatría y gerontología, 38(2), 86-94. DOI: 10.1016/S0211-139X(03)74862-8

Xie, C., Bai, F., Yu, H., Shi, Y., Yuan, Y., Chen, G., Li, W., Chen, G., Zhang, Z., & Li, S. J. (2012). Abnormal insula functional network is associated with episodic memory decline in amnestic mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage, 63(1), 320-327. DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.06.062

Yang, H. L., & Lin, S. L. (2019). The reasons why elderly mobile users adopt ubiquitous mobile social service.Computers in Human Behavior, 93, 62-75. DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2018.12.005

Zhao, X., Wang, L., Ge, C., Zhen, X., Chen, Z., Wang, J., & Zhou, Y. (2020). Smartphone application training program improves Smartphone usage competency and quality of life among the elderly in an elder university in China: A randomized controlled trial. International journal of medical informatics, 133, 104010. DOI: 10.1016/j. ijmedinf.2019.104010

Zubatsky, M., Berg‐Weger, M., & Morley, J. (2020). Using telehealth groups to combat loneliness in older adults through COVID‐19. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society. DOI: 10.1111/jgs.16553

Descargas

Publicado

2023-11-23

Número

Sección

Artículos originales

Cómo citar

Acceso, uso y actitudes de Tecnologías de la Información y Comunicación en personas mayores durante la pandemia de COVID-19 . (2023). Revista Española De Comunicación En Salud, 14(2), 7-20. https://doi.org/10.20318/recs.2023.7375