Los militares de Estado Mayor y su lealtad a la República (1936-1939)
Abstract
Resumen: En el ejército español de 1936, los militares de Estado Mayor (EM) eran un grupo de élite de cerca de 500 jefes y oficiales. Hemos constituido una base de datos que integra la totalidad de los miembros de este grupo. Después de considerar factores que influyeron en la lealtad de los militares a la II República durante la guerra civil, a partir de la base de datos se evalúa de manera bastante precisa el número de depurados, desafectos y de oficiales actuantes tanto en el Ejército Popular como en el Ejército Nacional. Asimismo se cuantifican las defecciones del bando republicano al sublevado, el paso de desafectos hacia la zona rebelde y el consiguiente aumento del desequilibrio en recursos de Estado Mayor que fue clave en la superioridad militar del bando franquista.
Palabras clave: Guerra Civil española, militares, estado mayor, cuerpo y servicio de estado mayor, lealtad, Ejército Popular, Ejército Nacional.
Abstract: The Staff military were an elite group of nearly 500 officers in the Spanish army in 1936. We have set up a database including the totality of the members of this group. After considering factors that influenced military loyalty to the II Republic during the civil war, we use the data base to perform a fairly precise assessment of the numbers of officers reluctant to serve the Republic and of those who served in each of the republican and rebel armies. Additionally, we assess the numbers of those who defected from the Republican army to the rebel side, and of those who were hidden or refugees and managed to join the rebels. Thereby we are able to measure the growing imbalance of Staff resources that was key to the military superiority of the francoist side.
Keywords: Spanish Civil war, military, general staff, staff corps and service, loyalty, Republican army, Nationalist army
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HISPANIA NOVA is a journal duly registered, with ISSN 1138-7319 and legal deposit M 9472-1998.
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