Habilidades comunicativas de enfermería para conseguir dietas adaptadas efectivas en pacientes paquistaníes con Diabetes mellitus 2 = Nursing's communication skills for effective diets adapted to Pakistani patients with diabetes mellitus-2
Abstract
Resumen: Introducción: El entrenamiento de enfermería en habilidades comunicativas puede aumentar el cumplimiento dietético y mejorar el control de la Diabetes Mellitus 2 (DM-2). Nuestro grupo investigador diseñó una dieta adaptada para pacientes originarios de Pakistán con DM-2 encontrando una mejora en la adherencia y cumplimiento dietético. Objetivos: Evaluar la efectividad de una dieta adaptada a los hábitos culinarios de la población paquistaní en el control metabólico de la DM-2. Material y métodos: Ensayo clínico aleatorio desarrollado en tres Centros de Salud: “Besòs”, “Raval Sud” en Barcelona y “Fondo” en Santa Coloma de Gramanet. Criterios de inclusión: pacientes adultos con DM-2, de la nacionalidad de estudio y con Hemoglobina glicosilada (HbA1c) superior al 8%. Se incide en la comunicación profesional-paciente mediante la explicación pormenorizada de la dieta. Muestreo aleatorio consecutivo. El grupo intervención recibirá la dieta adaptada y el grupo control las medidas habituales de manejo de la DM-2. Al final del estudio, se compararán los 2 grupos para analizar las diferencias en el control metabólico de la DM-2. Resultados: Fase inicial del estudio. Hemos reclutado 19 pacientes. Un 64,7% presenta un mal control metabólico (HbA1c media=9,9; Desviación estándar=2,41). Discusión: Con las primeras visitas realizadas, se aprecia una mejora en la comunicación entre enfermera y paciente, un mejor cumplimiento de las recomendaciones y mayor satisfacción del paciente.
Palabras clave: Pakistán, Hábitos de comida, Cumplimiento del paciente, Diabetes Mellitus (Tipo II), Relación paciente-profesional, Atención Primaria de Salud
Abstract: Introduction: Nursing training in communicative skills can increase compliance and improve dietary control in Diabetes Mellitus-2 (DM-2). Our research group designed an adapted diet for patients from Pakistan with DM-2 where we found an improvement in adherence and dietary compliance. Objectives: Assess the effectivity of an adapted diet for Pakistani patients in the metabolic control of DM2. Evaluate the effectiveness of the diet on diabetic complications. Methodology: Random clinical trial developed in three primary healthcare centers: Besòs, Raval Sud in Barcelona and Fondo in Santa Coloma de Gramanet. Inclusion criteria: adult patients with DM2, Pakistani origin and HbA1c > 8%. This study falls upon professional-patient communication through detailed explanation of the diet.Random consecutive sample. The intervention group received the adapted diet and the control group the usual measures of DM2 control. Preliminary results: Initial phase of the study. We recruited 19 patients. 64.7% have poor metabolic control (HbA1c mean = 9.9, standard deviation = 2.41). Discussion: We appreciate an improvement in nurse-patient communication, better compliance with the recommendations and a patient satisfaction with the first visits.
Keywords: Pakistan, Food habits, Patient compliance, Diabetes Mellitus (Type II), Professional-patient relationship, Primary Healthcare
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