Análisis del contenido sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la osteoartritis en los medios de comunicación generalistas en España

Pedro Alfonso Domínguez Vera; Luis Carrasco Páez

doi:10.20318/recs.2024.8170

Pedro Alfonso Domínguez Vera Departamento de Fisioterapia, Facultad de Enfermería, Fisioterapia y Podología, Universidad de Sevilla, España; Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, España
Luis Carrasco Páez Departamento de Educación Física y Deporte, Facultad de Educación, Universidad de Sevilla, España

DOI: https://doi.org/10.20318/recs.2024.8170

Palabras clave: osteoartritis, tratamiento, recomendaciones, diagnóstico, comunicación en salud, prensa

Resumen

Introducción: La osteoartritis (OA) es una de las principales causas de discapacidad y supone un gran impacto socioeconómico en la sanidad pública. La cronicidad de la OA y la falta de tratamientos efectivos promueve la búsqueda de información en los medios de comunicación. Objetivos: Describir y evaluar la calidad de las informaciones sobre el diagnóstico y el tratamiento de la OA publicadas en los medios, así como conocer el tipo de fuente de información consultada de las publicaciones evaluadas. Metodología: Se llevó a cabo una búsqueda en cinco periódicos generalistas de España (El País, El Mundo, La Vanguardia, 20minutos y ABC) durante el período desde 2018 hasta 2022. Se realizó un análisis comparativo de la calidad de las recomendaciones mediante la guía clínica del National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE). Resultados: Se incluyeron un total de 67 artículos. El 94,1% describieron la OA como una afección causada exclusivamente por la degeneración del cartílago articular. El tratamiento farmacológico fue la recomendación más común (47.6%). El 52,2% de las fuentes utilizadas se basaron en profesionales sanitarios. Conclusión: La mayoría de los artículos publicados realizaron una definición de la OA desactualizada, mecanicista y centrada en el desgaste del cartílago. Las recomendaciones presentaron un bajo nivel de concordancia con la evidencia científica.

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