El santuario de Termo y el origen de Etolia

  • Ignacio Jesús Álvarez Soria Universidad de Zaragoza
Palabras clave: Aristocracia, Etolia, festival, ganadería, megaron, santuario, Termo

Resumen

El santuario rural de Termo, en Etolia, fue el centro político del estado etolio y la confederación a él asociada; un hecho que marcó de manera determinante la estructura política y la configuración territorial etolia, así como el tipo de organización social que encontramos en la zona. En este escrito se analizarán los factores geográficos, económicos y simbólicos que llevaron a que Termo se convirtiera en una suerte de capital de los etolios, haciendo hincapié en su condición de lugar sagrado.

 

Descargas

Consultas del resumen: 774
PDF : 797

Citas

Ager, Sheila L. (2005). Sacred Settlements. The Role of the Gods in the Resolution of Interstate Disputes. En Bertrand, 2005, pp. 413-429.

Antonetti, Claudia (1990). Les Etoliens. Image et Religion. Centre de Recherches d’Histoire Ancienne 92. Besançon: Les Belles Lettres.

Antonetti, Claudia (2005). La tradizione eolica in Etolia. En Mele, Napolitano y Visconti, 2005, pp. 55-70.

Antonetti, Claudia (2012). Aitolos and Aitolia. Ethnic Identity per Imagines. En Offenmüller, 2012, pp. 183-200.

Antonetti, Claudia (2019). Spearhead and Boar Jawbone. An Invitation to Hunt in Aitolia: “Foreign Policy” within the Aitolian League. En Beck, Buraselis y McAuley, 2019, pp. 149-168.

Assmann, Jan (ed.) (1991). Das Fest und das Heilige. Religiöse Kontrapunkte zur Alltagswelt. Gütersloh: Gütersloher Verlag-Haus Mohn.

Beck, Hans, Buraselis, Kostas y McAuley, Alex (eds.) (2019). Ethnos and Koinon, Studies in Ancient Greek Ethnicity and Federalism. Heidelberger Althistorische Beiträge 61. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.

Beck, Hans y Funke, Peter (eds.) (2015). Federalism in Greek Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Bertrand, Jean-Marie (ed.) (2005). La violence dans les mondes grec et romain. Paris: Publication de la Sorbone.

Bintiff, John (1982). Settlement Patterns, Land Tenure and Social Structure. A Diachronic Model. En Renfrew y Shennan, 1982, pp. 106-111.

Blaineau, Alexandre (2014). Les gardiens de troupeaux équins er bovins en Grèce ancienne: statuts et fonctions. En Gardiesen y Chandezon, 2014, pp. 253-267.

Bleiken, Jochen (ed.) (1993). Colloquium Alfred Heuss. Frankfurter Althistorische Studien 13. Kallmünz: Laßleben.

Bommeljé, Sebastiaan (1988). Aeolis in Aetolia. Historia, 37, pp. 297-316.

Bommeljé, Sebastiaan y Doorn, Peter K. (eds.) (1987). Aetolia and the Aetolians. Towards the Interdisciplinary Study of a Greek Region. Utrecht: Parnasus.

Burkert, Walter (1975). Resep-Figuren, Apollon von Amyklai und die “Erfindung” des Opfers auf Cypern. Zur Religionsgeschichte der “Dunklen Jahrhunderte”. Graz Beiträge, 4, pp. 51-79.

Buxton, Richard (ed.) (2000). Oxford Readings in Greek Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Chandezon, Christophe (2006). Déplacements de Troupeaux et cités Grecques. En Laffont, 2006, pp. 49-66.

Chandezon, Christophe y Hamdoune, Christine (eds.) (2004). Les hommes et la terre dans la Méditerranée Gréco-Romaine. Toulouse: Presses Universitaires du Midi.

Chaniotis, Angelos (1991). Gedenktage der Griechen: ihre Bedeutung für das Geschichts-bewusstein griechischer Poleis. En Assmann, 1991, pp. 123-145.

Chaniotis, Angelos (1995). Sich selbst feiern? Städtische Feste des Hellenismus im Spannungsfeld von Religion und Politik. En Zanker y Wörrle, 1995, pp. 147-172.

Cherry, John F. (1988). Pastoralism and the Role of Animals in Pre- and Protohistoric Economies of the Ancient Greece. En Whittaker, 1988, pp. 6-34.

Constantakopoulou, Christy (2015). Regional Religious Groups, Amphictionies and other Leagues. En Eidinow y Kindt, 2015, pp. 273-289.

Daverio Rocchi, Giovanna (1993). Città-stato e stati federali della Grecia classica: lineamenti di storia delle istituzioni politiche. Milano: LED.

Deger-Jakitzy, Sigrid (ed.) (1983). Griechenland, die Ägäis und die Levante während der ‚Dark Ages‘ vom 12. Zum 9. Jahrhundert v. Chr. Wien: Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaftler.

de Polignac, François (2009). Sanctuaries and Festivals. En Raaflaub y Van Wees, 2009, pp. 427-443.

Delcourt, Marie (1982). Les grands santuaries de la Grèce. Brionne: Gérard Monfort.

Deylius, Michel (1987). The Aetolian Landscape. A Physical-Geographical Perspective. En Bommeljé y Doorn, 1987, pp. 32-38.

Domínguez Monedero, Adolfo J. (ed.) (2018a). Politics, Territory and Identity in Ancient Epirus. Diabaseis 8. Pisa: ETS.

Domínguez Monedero, Adolfo J. (2018b). New Developments and Tradition in Epirus. The Creation of the Molossian State. En Domínguez Monedero, 2018a, pp. 1-42.

Doorn, Peter K., Bommeljé, Sebastiaan y Fagel Roland (1987). An Early Modern Subsistence Economy. Aetolia since 1821. En Bommeljé y Doorn, pp. 39-61.

Ehrenberg, Victor (1969). The Greek State. London: Methuen.

Eidinow, Esther y Kindt, Julia (eds.) (2015). The Oxford Handbook of Ancient Greek Religion. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Flacelière, Robert (1937). Les Aitoliens à Delphes. Paris: De Boccard.

Flensted-Jensen, Pernille, Nielsen, Thomas H. y Rubinstein, Lene (eds.) (2000). Polis and Politics. Copenhagen: Museum Tusculanum Press.

Forbes, Hamish (1995). The Identification of Pastoralist Sites within the Context of Estate-based Agriculture in Ancient Greece. Beyond de Transhumance versus Agro-pastoralism debate. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 90, pp. 325-338.

Foxhall, Lin (1998). Bronze to Iron. Agricultural Systems and Political Structures in Late Bronze Age and Early Iron Age Greece. The Annual of the British School at Athens, 90, pp. 239-250.

Funke, Peter (1993). Stamm und Polis. En Bleiken, 1993, pp. 29-48.

Funke, Peter (1997). Polisgenese und Urbanisierung in Aitolien im 5. und 4. Jh. V. Chr. En Hansen, 1997, pp. 145-188.

Funke, Peter (1998). Die Bedeutung der griechischen Bundesstaaten in der politischen Theorie und Praxis des 5. Und 4. Jh. V. Chr. Auch eine Anmerkung zu Aristot. Pol. 1261 a 22-29. En Schuller, 1998, pp. 59-72.

Funke, Peter (2012). Kultstätten und Machtzentren. Zu den politischen Funktionen überregionaler Heiligtümer in antiken Bundesstaaten. En Rollinger y Schwinghammer, 2012, pp. 53-71.

Funke, Peter (2013a). Greek Federal States and Their Sanctuaries: Identity and Integration. Some Introductory Remarks. En Funke y Haake, 2013, pp. 9-12.

Funke, Peter (2013b). Thermika und Panaitolika. Alte und neue Zentren im Aitolischen Bund. En Funke y Haake, 2013, pp. 49-64.

Funke, Peter (2015). Aitolia and the Aitolian League. En Beck y Funke, 2015, pp. 86-117.

Funke, Peter y Haake, Matthias (eds.) (2013). Greek Federal States and Their Sanctuaries. Identity and Integration. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.

Gardiesen, Armelle y Chandezon, Christophe (eds.) (2014). Équides et bovidés de la Méditerranée antique. Rites et combats. Jeux et savoirs. Lattes: Association pour le Développement de l’Archéologie en Languedoc-Roussillon.

Gehrke, Hans-Joachim (2000). Ethnos, Phyle, Polis. Gemässigt unorthodoxe Vermutungen. En Flensted-Jensen, Nielsen y Rubinstein, 2000, pp. 159-176.

Giovannini, Adalberto (2007). Les relations entre états dans la Grèce antique: du temps d’Homère à l’intervention romaine. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.

Grainger, John D. (1999). The League of the Aitolians. Leiden: Brill.

Grainger, John D. (2000). Aitolian Prosopographical Studies. Leiden: Brill.

Hall, Jonathan M. (2015). Federalism and Ethnicity. En Beck y Funke, 2015, pp. 30-48.

Halstead, Paul (1987). Traditional and Ancient Rural Economy in Mediterranean Europe: plus ça change? Journal of Hellenic Studies, 107, pp. 77-87.

Hansen, Mogens H. (ed.) (1997). The Polis as an Urban Centre and as a Political Community. Copenhagen: Det Kongelige Danske Videnskabernes Selskab.

Hatzopoulos, Miltiades B. (1996). Macedonian Institutions under the Kings, I. A Historical and Epigraphic Study. Meletemata 22. Athens: Research Centre for Greek and Roman Antiquity.

Hodkinson, Stephen (1988). Animal Husbandry in the Greek Polis. En Whittaker, 1988, pp. 37-74.

Houby-Nielsen, Sanne (2001). Sacred Landscapes of Aetolia and Achaea: Synoecism Processes and Non-Urban Sanctuaries. En Isager, 2001, pp. 257-271.

Hurwitt, Jeffrey M. (1993). Art, Poetry and the Polis in the Age of Homer. En Langdon, 1993, pp. 14-42.

Isager, Jacob (ed.) (2001). Foundation and Destruction. Nicopolis and NW. Greece. The Archaeological Evidence for the City Destructions, the Foundations of Nikopolis and the Synoecism. Athens: Danish Institute at Athens.

Jones, Sian (1997). The Archaeology of Ethnicity: Constructing identities in the past and present. London: Routledge.

Jones, Christopher P. (1999). Kinship Diplomacy in the Ancient World. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Jördens, Andrea y Bech-Jördens, Gereon (1994). Ein Eberunterkiefer als "Staatssymbol“ des aitolischen Bundes. Politische Identitätssuche im Mythos nach dem Ende der spartanischen Hegemonie. Klio, 76, pp. 172-184.

Kirsten, Ernst (1983). Gebirghirtentum und Sesshaftigkeit. Die Bedeutung der Dark Ages für die griechische Staatenwelt, Doris und Sparta. En Deger-Jakitzy, 1983, pp. 355-443.

Laffont, Pierre-Yves (ed.) (2006). Trashumance et estivage en Occident des origins aux enjeux actuels. Valence-Sur-Baïze: Presses Universitaires du Miral.

Langdon, Susan H. (ed.) (1993). From Pasture to Polis. Art in the Age of Homer. Columbia y London: University of Missouri Press.

Larsen, Jakob A.O. (1944). Federation for Peace in Ancient Greece. Classical Philology, 39.3, pp. 145-162.

Larsen, Jakob A.O. (1952). The Assembly of the Aetolians League. Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, 83, pp. 1-33.

Larsen, Jakob A.O. (1968). Greek Federal States. Their Institutions and History. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Lefèvre, François (1998). L’amphictionie Pyléo-Delphique. Histoire et institutions. Paris: De Boccard.

Mackil, Emily (2013). Creating a Common Policy: Religion, Economy and Politics in the Making of the Greek Koinon. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Malkin, Irad (2011). A Small Greek World. Networks in the Ancient Mediterranean. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Marinatos, Nanno (1993). What were Greek Sanctuaries? A Synthesis. En Marinatos y Hägg, 1993, pp. 179-183.

Marinatos, Nanno y Hägg, Robin (eds.) (1993). Greek Sanctuaries. New Approaches. London: Routledge.

Mazarakis-Ainian, Alexandros (1997). From Rulers’ Dwellings to Temples. Architecture, Religion and Society in Early Iron Age Greece. Jonsered: Paul Aströms Förlag.

McInerney, Jeremy (2000). Under the folds of Parnassos. Land and Ethnicity in Ancient Phokis. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.

Mele, Alfonso, Napolitano, Maria L. y Visconti, Amadeo (eds.) (2005). Eoli ed Eolide tra madrepatria e colonie. Napoli: Luciano Editore.

Mitchell, Lynette G. y Rhodes, Peter J. (eds.) (1997). The Development of the Polis in Archaic Greece. London: Routledge.

Morgan, Catherine (1997). The Archaeology of Sanctuaries in Early Iron Age and Archaic Ethne. A Preliminary View. En Mitchell y Rhodes, 1997, pp. 168-198.

Morgan, Catherine (2003). Early Greek States beyond the Polis. Londres: Routledge.

Morgan, Catherine (2009). The Early Iron Age. En Raaflaub y Wees, 2009, pp. 43-63.

Nerantzis, Ioannis (2001). Η χωρα των Αιτωλων. Agrinio: Διδακτορικι Διατριβι.

Offenmüller, Margit (ed.) (2012). Identitätsbildung und Identitätsstiftung in griechischen Gesellschaften (Vorträge gehalten im Rahmen eines Symposiums von 28-29. Jänner 2010. Graz: Grazer Universitätsverlag.

O’Neil, James L. (1986). The Political Elites of the Achaian and Aitolian Leagues. Ancient Society, 15-17, pp. 33-61.

Palmer, Ruth (2001). Bridging the Gap. The Continuity of Greek Agriculture from the Mycenaean to the Historical Period. En Tandy, 2001, pp. 41-84.

Papapostolou, Ioannis A. (1993). Anaskafí Thermou. To Ergon, pp. 44-58.

Papapostolou, Ioannis A. (2012). Early Thermos. New excavations 1992-2003. Athens: The Archaeological Society at Athens.

Papapostolou, Ioannis A. (2014). Το Ιερό του Θέρμου στην Αιτωλία. Ιστορία – Μνημεία – Περιήγηγη. Athena: He En Athenais Archaiologike Hetaireia.

Prontera, Francesco (2003). Otra Forma de Mirar el Espacio. Geografía e Historia en la Grecia Antigua. Málaga: Centro de Ediciones de la Diputación de Málaga.

Raaflaub, Kurt A. y Wees, Hans van (eds.) (2009). A Companion to Archaic Greece. Oxford: Blackwell.

Renfrew, Colin y Cherry, John F. (eds.) (1986). Peer Polity Interaction and Socio-Political Change. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Renfrew, Colin y Shennan, Stephen (eds.) (1982). Ranking Resource and Exchange. Aspects of the Archaeology of Early European Society. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

von Rollinger, Robert y Schwinghammer, Gundula (eds.) (2012). Altertum und Gegenwart - Ringvorlesung anlässlich der Feier zum 125-jährigen Bestehen der Alten Geschichte in Innsbruck. Innsbruck: Institut für Sprachen und Literaturen der Universität Innsbruck.

Rougier-Blanc, Sylvie (2004). Les espaces ruraux chez Homère. Terminologie et mode de représentation. En Chandezon y Hamdoume, 2004, pp. 115-127.

Sánchez, Pierre (2001). L’Amphictionie des Pyles et de Delphes. Recherches sur son rôle historique, des origines au IIe siècle de notre ère. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.

Scholten, Joseph B. (2000). The Politics of Plunder. Aitolians and their Koinon in the Early Hellenistic Era, 279-217 B.C. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Schuller, Wolfgang (ed.) (1998). Politische Theorie und Praxis im Altertum. Darmstadt: Wis-senschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.

Scott, Michael (2010). Delphi and Olympia. The Spatial Politics of Panhellenism in the Archaic and Classical Periods. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Scott, Michael (2015). Delfos. Historia del centro del mundo antiguo. Barcelona: Ariel.

Sinn, Ulrich (2000). Greek Sanctuaries as Places of Refuge. En Buxton, 2000, pp. 155-179.

Snodgrass, Anthony M. (1971). The Dark Age of Greece. An Archaeological Survey of the Eleventh to the Eighth Centuries B.C. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press.

Snodgrass, Anthony M. (1980). Archaic Greece. The Age of Experiment. London: Dent.

Snodgrass, Anthony M. (1986). Interaction by Design. The Greek City-State. En Renfrew y Cherry, 1986, pp. 47-58.

Snodgrass, Anthony M. (1987). An Archaeology of Greece. The Present State and Future Scope of a Discipline. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Snodgrass, Anthony M. (1989). The Coming of the Iron Age in Greece. Europe’s Earliest Bronze/Iron Transition. En Stig Sorensen y Thomas, 1989, pp. 22-35.

Sordi, Marta (1953). Le origini del koinon etolico. Acme, 6, pp. 419-445.

Stig Sorensen, Marie L. y Thomas, Roger (eds.) (1989). The Bronze Age – Iron Age, Transition in Europe. Aspects of Continuity and Change in European Societies c. 1200 to 500 B.C. Oxford: BAR.

Tandy, David W. (ed.) (2001). Prehistory and History. Ethnicity, Class and Political Economy. Montreal, New York y London: Black Rose Books.

Tartaron, Thomas F. (2004). Bronze Age Landscape and Society in Southern Epirus. Oxford: BAR.

Tsangari, Dimitra I. (2007). Corpus des monnaies d’or, d’argent et de bronze de la confédération étolienne. Athens: Helicon Interactive.

Ulf, Christoph (1990). Die homerische Gesellschaft. Materialien zur analytschen Beschreibung und historischen Lokalisierung. München: C.H. Beck.

Ulf, Christoph (ed.) (1996a). Wege zur Genese griechischer Identität. Die Bedeutung der frühar-chaischen Zeit. Berlin: Akademie Verlag.

Ulf, Christoph (1996b). Griechische Ethnogenese versus Wanderungen von Stämmen und Stammstaaten. En Ulf, 1996a, pp. 240-280.

Ulf, Christoph (2009). The World of Homer and Hesiod. En Raaflaub y Van Wees, 2009, pp. 81-99.

Vikatou, Olympia (2015). A Guide to the Archaeological Museum of Thermos. Aetolia-Acarnania: Chelmis and Co.

Vlassopoulos, Kostas (2015). Religion in Communities. En Eidinow y Kindt, 2015, pp. 257- 271.

Whittaker, Charles R. (ed.) (1988). Pastoral Economies in Classical Antiquity. Cambridge: Cambridge Philological Society.

Zanker, Paul y Wörrle, Michael (eds.) (1995). Stadtbild und Bürgerbild im Hellenismus. Vestigia 47. München: C.H. Beck.

Publicado
2021-11-12
Cómo citar
Álvarez Soria, I. J. (2021). El santuario de Termo y el origen de Etolia. ARYS. Antigüedad: Religiones Y Sociedades, (19), 67-95. https://doi.org/10.20318/arys.2021.5947
Sección
Monográfico