“Fools are those who suspect”. How do we build a culture of legality through trust and social norms?

Keywords: norm compliance, culture of legality, trust, social norms, behaviour, nudges

Abstract

After reviewing some of the most outstanding theoretical approaches to the culture of legality and the mechanisms to promote and / or strengthen it, this article provides a definition of it associated with compliance with standards (formal and informal) and expectations and proposes the construction trust as a determining factor for the work towards increasing compliance levels. The analysis of rigorous interventions in different fields, based on behavioral sciences, allows us to conclude that the use of social norms and small nudges is effective in improving our collective expectations, building trust and promoting greater compliance with norms and agreements.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.
Abstract Views: 557
PDF (Español (España)) : 430

References

Agranov, M., Elliott, M. y Ortoleva, P. (2021). The Importance of Social Norms against Strategic Effects: The Case of COVID-19 Vaccine Uptake. Economics Letters, 206, 109979. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2021.109979

Arrow, K. J. (2012). Social choice and individual values. Yale University Press.

Becker, G. S. (1968). Crime and Punishment: An Economic Approach. Journal of Political Economy, 76 (2), 169–217. https://doi.org/10.1086/259394

Behavioural Insight Team. (2018). EAST - Cuatro simples maneras de aplicar las ciencias del comportamiento. https://www.bi.team/publications/east-espanol/

Bicchieri, C. (2005). The Grammar of Society: The Nature and Dynamics of Social Norms. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511616037

Bicchieri, C. (2019). Nadar en contra de la corriente: Cómo unos pocos pueden cambiar los comportamientos de toda una sociedad. Planeta.

Bobek, D. D., Hageman, A. M. y Kelliher, C. F. (2013). Analyzing the Role of Social Norms in Tax Compliance Behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 115 (3), 451–468. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1390-7

Castoriadis, C. (2013). La institución Imaginaria de la Sociedad. Tusquets.

Cohn, A., Maréchal, M. A., Tannenbaum, D., y Zünd, C. L. (2019). Civic Honesty around the Globe. Science, 365 (6448), 70–73. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aau8712

Coser, L. A., Moscovici, S. y Halls, W. D. (1995). The Invention of Society: Psychological Explanations of Social Phenomena. Contemporary Sociology, 24 (4), 427. https://doi.org/10.2307/2077711

Downs, A. (1957). An economic theory of democracy. Harper & Row.

Durkheim, E. (1898). Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale. Revue de Métaphysique et de Morale, 6, 273–302.

Elster, J. (2015). Explaining Social Behavior. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781107763111

Eslava, A. y García Luna, E. (2020). El contexto de la trampa: análisis experimental de los determinantes de la honestidad en Buriticá. Lecturas de Economía, 92, pp. 9–32.

https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.le.n92a01

Fortou, J. A. y Silva, S. (n.d.). Trust and Social Norm Recognition: Evidence from a Latin American City (En prensa).

Fritsche, I., Jonas, E., Kayser, D. N. y Koranyi, N. (2010). Existential Threat and Compliance with Pro-Environmental Norms. Journal of Environmental Psychology, 30 (1), 67–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvp.2009.08.007

García Villegas, M. (2011). Ineficacia del derecho y cultura del incumplimiento de reglas en América Latina. En C. Rodríguez Garavito (Ed.), El derecho en América Latina (161–184). Siglo XXI.

Goldstein, N. J., Cialdini, R. B., y Griskevicius, V. (2008). A Room with a Viewpoint: Using Social Norms to Motivate Environmental Conservation in Hotels. Journal of Consumer Research, 35 (3), 472–482. https://doi.org/10.1086/586910

Güemes, C. y Wences Simon, I. (2018). Comportamientos incumplidores: contextos y posibles tratamientos políticos. Papers. Revista de Sociología, 104 (1), pp. 75-99. https://doi.org/10.5565/rev/papers.2482

Kahneman, D. (2012). Pensar rápido, pensar despacio. Debate.

Kahneman, D. y Tversky, A. (1979). Prospect Theory: An Analysis of Decision under Risk. Econometrica, 47(2), 263-292. https://doi.org/10.2307/1914185

Kettle, S., Chin, A. C., Monica, T., Nolan, D., Bustin, C., Mendez, D. y Cole, J. (2019). Evaluating the Impact of SMS Reminders on Tax Compliance. The Behavioural Insights Team, October 1–15.

Larkin, C., Sanders, M., Andresen, I. y Algate, F. (2019). Testing Local Descriptive Norms and Salience of Enforcement Action: A Field Experiment to Increase Tax Collection. Journal of Behavioral Public Administration, 2 (1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.30636/jbpa.21.54

Mackie, G. (2018). Effective Rule of Law Requires Construction of a Social Norm of Legal. En C. Tognato (Ed.), Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus (313-334). Harvard University Press.

Mantzavinos, C. (2001). Individuals, Institutions, and Markets. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139175302

Mazar, N., Amir, O. y Ariely, D. (2008). The Dishonesty of Honest People: A Theory of Self-Concept Maintenance. Journal of Marketing Research, 45 (6), 633–644. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.45.6.633

Mockus, A. (2003). Cultura ciudadana y comunicación. Revista La Tadeo, 68, 106–111. http://avalon.utadeo.edu.co/dependencias/publicaciones/tadeo_68/68106.pdf

Moussaoui, L. S., Ofosu, N. D. y Desrichard, O. (2020). Social Psychological Correlates of Protective Behaviours in the COVID‐19 Outbreak: Evidence and Recommendations from a Nationally Representative Sample. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 12 (4), 1183–1204. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12235

Murraín, H. (2018). Transforming Expectations through Cultura Ciudadana. En C. Tognato (Ed.), Cultural Agents Reloaded: The Legacy of Antanas Mockus (295-312). Harvard University Press.

North, D. (1993). Instituciones, cambio institucional y desempeño económico. Fondo de Cultura Económica.

O'Donnell, G. (1999). Polyarchies and the (Un)rule of Law in Latin America. En J. E. Mendez, G. A. O’Donnell y P. S. Pinheiro (Eds.), The Un(rule) of Law and the Underprivileged in Latin America (303-357). University of Notre Dame Press.

Olson, M. (1971). The logic of collective action: Public goods and the theory of groups. Harvard University Press.

Ostrom, E. (2005). Understanding Institutional Diversity. Princeton University

Ostrom, E. (2009). El gobierno de los bienes comunes: La evolución de las instituciones de acción colectiva. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) y Fondo de Cultura Económica (FCE).

Patel, M. S. (2021). Text-message Nudges Encourage COVID Vaccination. Nature, 597 (7876), 336–337. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-021-02043-2

Prentice, D. A. y Miller, D. T. (1996). Pluralistic Ignorance and the Perpetuation of Social Norms by Unwitting Actors. Academic Press, 28, pp. 161-209. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2601(08)60238-5

Rare y Behavioural Insight Team. (2019). Behavior Change For Nature: A Behavioral Science Toolkit for Practitioners. Rare.

Rincón-Salazar, M. T. (2006). Cultura ciudadana, ciudadanía y trabajo social. Prospectiva, 11, 45–65. https://doi.org/10.25100/prts.v0i11.7204

Silva, S., Garro, J. E., López, N. y Trujillo, J. P. (2019). Confianza, normas sociales y representaciones del otro. La implementación de la estrategia de cultura ciudadana «Medellín está llena de Ciudadanos Como Vos». En A. Eslava (Ed.), Lo mejor de las personas. Teoría, intervención y agenda de la cultura ciudadana (123-136). Editorial EAFIT, Alcaldía de Medellín.

Svensson, M. y Larsson, S. (2012). Intellectual Property Law Compliance in Europe: Illegal File Sharing and the Role of Social Norms. New Media and Society, 14 (7), pp. 1147–1163. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444812439553

Thaler, R. y Sunstein, C. (2017). Un pequeño empujón: el impulso que necesitas para tomar mejores decisiones sobre salud, dinero y felicidad. Taurus.

Ugarte, Í., Rodríguez, B., Paz, P. M., Páez, D. y de Lucas, J. (1998). Ignorancia pluralista, atribución de causalidad y sesgos cognitivos en el caso. Revista de Psicología Social, 13 (2), 321–330. https://doi.org/10.1174/021347498760350830

Wenzel, M. (2005). Motivation or Rationalisation? Causal Relations between Ethics, Norms, and Tax Compliance. Journal of Economic Psychology, 26 (4), 491–508. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2004.03.003

Young, S. D. y Goldstein, N. J. (2021). Applying Social Norms Interventions to Increase Adherence to COVID-19 Prevention and Control Guidelines. Preventive Medicine, 145106424. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106424

Published
2022-09-16
How to Cite
Trujillo, J. P., López, N., Pérez-Restrepo, R., & Silva, S. (2022). “Fools are those who suspect”. How do we build a culture of legality through trust and social norms?. EUNOMÍA. Revista En Cultura De La Legalidad, (23), 14-29. https://doi.org/10.20318/eunomia.2022.7104
Section
Studies