Comunicación en control de embarazo. Gestantes que practican ejercicio = Communication in prenatal control. Pregnant women who practice exercise
Abstract
Resumen: Introducción: Pese a la proliferación de investigaciones sobre el ejercicio físico en el embarazo, muchas gestantes las desconocen y no realizan ejercicio adecuado y seguro para obtener sus beneficios. Objetivos: Analizar cómo perciben las gestantes su comunicación con los profesionales responsables del control del embarazo; y conocer qué información se les da con respecto a la práctica de ejercicio físico. Metodología: Este estudio siguió un diseño cualitativo usando dos grupos focales con metodología fenomenológica. La muestra fue por conveniencia y estuvo compuesta por diez mujeres que realizaban ejercicio físico durante su embarazo, en El Poniente Almeriense en 2014.
Resultados: Se obtuvieron tres temas principales: 1) Escasez de información desde control de embarazo, 2) Falta de tiempo y apoyo emocional y 3) Diferencias con la sanidad privada. Las participantes sienten que la comunicación con los profesionales es formal, pero insuficiente en tiempo empleado, cantidad y calidad de la información dada; en cuanto al ejercicio, solo les recomiendan caminar. Discusión: Las embarazadas reclaman mayor atención y más personalizada en el control prenatal. Conclusiones: Las gestantes demandan para sus sesiones de control prenatal mayor cantidad y calidad de información, más tiempo dedicado y apoyo emocional para la mejora de la comunicación.
Palabras clave: Comunicación, Control prenatal, Embarazo, Ejercicio físico, Estudio cualitativo
Abstract: Introduction: Despite the proliferation of researches about physical activity during pregnancy, many pregnant women don´t know them and don´t do adequate and safe physical activity to obtain their benefits. Objectives: Analyze how communication between pregnant women and health professionals responsible for prenatal control is being perceived; and know what kind of information is given related to physical activity. Methodology: This study followed a qualitative design using two focal groups with phenomenological methodology. Ten women who practiced physical activity during pregnancy in El Poniente of Almeria in 2014 were intentionally selected and included in this study. Results: Three main topics were obtained: 1) Lack of information from prenatal control, 2) Lack of time and emotional support and 3) Differences between public and private health care. The participants feel that communication with the professionals is quite formal, but deficient regarding the time dedicated to them, quantity and quality of the information given; in connection with the physical activity, they only recommended them to walk. Discussion: Pregnant women demand more attention and more personalized in the prenatal control. Conclusions: Pregnant women demand more and better information for their prenatal sessions, more time dedicated to them and emotional support to improve the communication.
Keywords: Communication, Prenatal control, Pregnancy, Exercise, Qualitative research
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