Las preguntas como intervención: Preguntas centradas en la solución vs. preguntas centradas en el problema. Estudio piloto en estudiantes de enfermería = Questions as intervention: Questions centred on solutions versus questions centred on problems. Pilot
Abstract
Resumen: Durante las conversaciones que mantienen los profesionales de la salud con sus pacientes, las preguntas pueden ser consideradas como intervenciones es sí mismas. Objetivo: evaluar si existen diferencias entre dos grupos, Preguntas Centradas en el Problema (CP) vs. Preguntas Centradas en la Solución (CS) en las variables de afecto positivo, afecto negativo y autoeficacia. Metodología: Diseño experimental con dos grupos y pretest-postest, en el que 107 estudiantes de enfermería describieron un problema real de su vida que querían resolver, después fueron asignados, aleatoriamente, a dos grupos: a uno de ellos se les haría preguntas centradas en el problema; y al otro grupo se les haría preguntas centradas en la solución. Antes y después de responder a las preguntas, completaron el cuestionario PANAS, que evaluaban el afecto positivo y negativo, y tres preguntas que medían la autoeficacia. Resultados: Los ANOVA muestran diferencias estadísticamente significativas en las medias de afecto y autoeficacia entre los dos momentos temporales en ambos grupos, siendo más favorables para el grupo CS. Conclusión: los resultados, muestran que las preguntas centradas en las soluciones como herramientas para manejar los problemas, pueden ser efectivas para mejorar estados emocionales y aumentar las creencias de autoeficacia de las personas.
Palabras clave: Preguntas centradas en la solución, Preguntas centradas en el problema, Emociones, Autoeficacia, Estudiantes de Enfermería, Estudio preliminar de réplica
Abstract: In conversations between health professional and patients, questions can be considered as interventions in their own right. Objective: evaluate the differences between two groups, Problem-Focused questions vs Solution-Focused questions in the positive and negative affect and self-efficacy variables. Method: experimental design with two groups pretest-postest, in which 107 nursing students described a real problem in their life that wanted to solve. Then, they were assigned randomly to two groups: one of them they would be asked questions focused on the problem and the other group would be asked questions focused on the solution. Results: The ANOVA showed statistically significant differences in affect and self-efficacy between the two time points in both groups, being more favourable to the solution-focused questions group. Conclusion: These results show that solution-focused questions, as tools to cope with problems, can be effective in improving emotional states and increase people’s self-efficacy beliefs.
Keywords: Solution-focused questions, Problem-focused questions, Emotions, Self efficacy, Nursing students, Preliminary replication study
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