La comunicación en crisis sanitarias: perspectiva de las administraciones públicas = Health crises communication: public administration perspective
Abstract
Resumen: Esta ponencia se centra en la comunicación en las crisis sanitarias desde la perspectiva de las administraciones públicas y se enmarca, en concreto, en el escenario internacional y globalizado actual, en el que se producen las crisis sanitarias más importantes. Para ello se incluye el nuevo concepto de salud y las características de la gobernanza de la salud en el siglo XXI, donde hay interdependencia entre sectores y una implicación de ciudadanos, profesionales, empresas, academia y otros actores en las decisiones sanitarias. Esta complejidad influye en el modo en el que se gestionan y resuelven las crisis sanitarias y por tanto en cómo se afronta la comunicación en las mismas. Se incluyen dos ejemplos de crisis sanitarias recientes, como la comunicación ha influido en las mismas y las lecciones aprendidas. Se trata de la pandemia de gripe A(H1N1) 2009 y el brote de E.Coli entero-hemorrágico notificado en Alemania en 2011. Finalmente se señalan algunos aspectos de la comunicación a tener en consideración durante las crisis sanitarias y también en la preparación para las mismas.
Palabras clave: Comunicación, Salud, Crisis Sanitarias, Eventos de Salud Pública
Abstract: This presentation is about communication in health crisis. It is done from the perspective of the public health administration and taking into account the international and global scenario in which the most important health crisis occur. The concept of health and of governance of health in the XXI century is introduced, showing that there is interdependence between sectors and implication of citizens, professionals, companies, academia and other stakeholders in health decisions. This complexity influences the way in which health crisis are managed and solved and therefore how communication should be dealt with. Two examples of recent health crisis, how communication influenced in the results of those, and the lessons learned are described. The first one is the influenza pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 and the second one the entero haemorrhagic E.Coli outbreak, declared in Germany in 2011. To conclude, some aspects of communication to have into consideration during health crisis and during the preparedness against them are mentioned.
Keywords: Communication, Health, Health Crises, Public Health Event
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