Diferencias de género en la percepción de salud en personas mayores de 60 años físicamente activas = Gender differences in the perception of health in physically active people over 60 years of age
Abstract
Resumen: Introducción: El estudio del proceso del envejecimiento forma parte de las políticas sanitarias actuales, debido a su representación demográfica cada vez mayor. Este grupo representa el 22% de la población española. La mayoría de los estudios se centran en los problemas relacionados con la salud; sin embargo, se necesita más evidencia sobre las personas mayores físicamente activas y la percepción de su salud. Objetivo: Este estudio explora las diferencias en la percepción de salud en personas físicamente activas en función de las diferencias de género. Método: Un total de 397 personas mayores de 60 años (M=69.65; DT=4.71; 64.7% eran mujeres) han participado en el estudio. Todos informaron de al menos la tenencia de un año de práctica deportiva previa a su participación en este estudio. Los participantes pertenecían a centros deportivos de Alicante, España. Todos ellos completaron el cuestionario de calidad de vida Cubrecavi así como los datos sociodemográficos. Resultados: Los análisis descriptivos muestran que los participantes tienen una buena percepción de salud (M =3.15; DT =0.48, rango: 0-4). En comparación con los hombres, las mujeres muestran menos percepción de salud (p=.003). Conclusiones: La percepción de salud en términos subjetivos es peor de lo que en realidad refleja la salud objetiva.
Palabras clave: salud, hombres, mujeres, personas mayores.
Abstract: Introduction: The study of process of aging has became an important piece of the current health policies because the proportion of aging people is increasing. This group presents 22% of the general population in Spain. Most of the studies focusing on aging process targeted to health-related problem; however, more evidence is needed on the physically active older people and their health's perception. Objective: This study explores differences in health's perception in physically active older people, addressing gender differences. Method: A total of 397 older people over 60 year old (M=69.65; DT=4.71; 64.7% were women) participated in the study. All reported to have practiced physical activity at least during the previous year to participate in the study. Participants were recruited in sport centers in Alicante, Spain. They completed the quality of life questionnaire of Cubrecavi and provided information on sociodemographic variables. Results: Descriptive analyses showed that participants had a good perception of health (M = 3.15; DT =0.48, range: 0-4). Compared to men, women showed a less positive health perception (p = .003). Conclusions: The perception of health in terms of subjective health is worse than it actually reflects objective health.
Keywords: health, men, women, elderly people.
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