COVID-19 on the front page: photojournalism ethics on the pandemic in Spain

Abstract

Introduction: The news coverage of health emergencies faces the temptation to give in to alarmism and morbid curiosity. Objectives: The aim of this study was to assess the degree of compliance with the ethical principles of journalism in the COVID-19 information on the front pages of the Spanish newspapers. Methodology: Content analysis of the photos on the front pages (n=344), published between January 1 and April 15, 2020 (n=608) in general information newspapers (n=6), regional and national, that amount the 43.9% of the Spanish daily readers. Results: 3.5% of images questioned or violate precepts contained in ethical codes, especially in relation to the right to privacy and the right to one’s own image. Violations around pain and suffering, alarmism, the presumption of innocence, security or political pressure are not representative. Conclusion: The photographic display was restrained, respectful and opted for extensive metaphorical snapshots. Protection mechanisms against the pandemic —personal protection equipment (PPE), masks or glasses— frequently made it difficult to recognize the protagonists. In addition, pixelated of the face was used extensively to prevent personal identification.