Maltrato psicológico hacia los mayores: variables a tratar = Psychological abuse of elderly people: variables to consider
Abstract
Resumen: Conforme se avanza en edad, el índice de discapacidad crece, existiendo un mayor riesgo para presentar problemas de salud. Estos problemas, pueden llevar al mayor, a tener dificultades para realizar actividades de la vida diaria de forma autónoma, y como resultado, mayor probabilidad de que se necesiten cuidados de larga duración, encontrándose en una situación de gran vulnerabilidad. Esta situación, podría incrementar la probabilidad de maltrato a mayores en el ámbito comunitario e institucional. La violencia sufrida por las personas mayores, es un fenómeno complejo debido a los diversos contextos y formas (a veces solapadas) en los que pueden presentarse. En estudios recientes, se destaca que el maltrato psicológico es el tipo de maltrato con mayor frecuencia seguido del maltrato físico. Como constructos abordados en el presente trabajo y vinculados al concepto de maltrato psicológico se encuentran: edadismo, síndrome de la abuela esclava, infantilización, otros. Sólo alcanzando un mayor conocimiento y comprensión de lo que éste constructo implica, facilitará su identificación por parte de los distintos ámbitos sociales, sanitarios, entre otros. Al mismo tiempo, nos puede llevar a establecer estrategias de intervención y prevención más adecuadas, para atender un problema que repercute a todos los ámbitos y sectores de la población.
Palabras clave: Maltrato al anciano, Violencia, Factores de riesgo, Impactos en la salud
Abstract: The disability index increases with the age, showing a higher risk of health problems. These health problems may lead the elders to difficulties when carrying out activities of the daily life in an autonomous way. This situation results in a large probability of requiring a long-term care, also leading to a high vulnerability. This scenario may increase the probability of elder abuse in the community and institutional level. The violence experienced by the elderly is a complex phenomenon due to the different contexts and forms (sometimes overlapping) where may be presented. In recent works, it is emphasized that psychological abuse is the most frequently type followed by the physical abuse.As constructs discussed in this paper and related to the concept of psychological abuse it can be found the ageism, the slave grandmother syndrome and childishness among others. Reaching a greater knowledge and understanding of what these constructs imply will facilitate its identification by the health area and others social spheres. At the same time, this will be very helpful for establishing the most appropriate intervention and prevention strategies to deal with a problem that affects to all areas and population sectors.
Keywords: Elder abuse, Violence, Risk factors, Impacts of health
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